التقاط الكربون وتخزينه
28 Sep 2024
There is no single solution to the urgent challenge of cutting carbon emissions to limit global temperature rise. Carbon capture and storage offers a way to reduce emissions from sectors that are hard-to-decarbonise. Find out more about this technology and how Shell is working to unlock its potential around the world.
Carbon capture and storage, or CCS, is a combination of technologies that capture and store carbon dioxide deep underground, preventing its release into the atmosphere.
At Shell, we believe that CCS will be essential for helping society to achieve net-zero emissions. Our ambition is to work with governments, customers, and partners to unlock the potential for CCS around the world.
Shell’s target is to become a net-zero emissions energy business by 2050, and we know that our business plans need to change to make this happen. Becoming a net-zero emissions energy business means that we are reducing emissions from our operations, and from the fuels and other energy products we sell to our customers. It also means capturing and storing any remaining emissions using technology or balancing them with with carbon credits and removals.
Capturing and safely storing carbon is an option that’s available now. It can help us reduce the amount of carbon entering the atmosphere and even be used to remove existing carbon, something that is critical for reducing human impact on the climate. Shell has the end-to-end capabilities to capture, transport and store our emissions and to do the same for our customers.
How does CCS work?
CCS prevents the release of CO2 into the atmosphere. It is generally used to help decarbonise industrial processes, such as the production of steel, cement, or chemicals, or to help decarbonise power stations that use hydrocarbons to generate electricity. These are all areas where there are barriers to the adoption of low-carbon alternatives to the oil and gas used.
In CCS facilities, CO2 is first separated from any other gases produced. It is then compressed and transported via pipe or ship to locations where it can be stored. Finally, the CO2 is injected into geological formations deep underground for permanent storage.
Take a look at the process below for more details:
1. Capture
Post-combustion capture separates CO₂ from other gases before they are emitted, usually using a chemical solvent. The captured CO₂ is then separated from the solvent, compressed, and made ready for transport.
2. Transport
CO₂ is generally pumped through a pipeline - but can also be transported by ship, rail or truck – from the industrial site where it has been captured to its storage site, which may be onshore or offshore.
3. Storage
CO₂ is injected deep underground into the microscopic spaces in porous rocks. One or more layers of impermeable rock, called cap rock, lying above the porous rocks forms a seal that ensures that the CO₂ remains there permanently.
4. Measuring, monitoring and verification
…In addition, a number of monitoring technologies can be incorporated within the geosphere, biosphere and atmosphere surrounding the storage site to confirm and assure the CO₂ is permanently stored.
The role of CO₂ storage
In the IEA’s sustainable development scenario, carbon capture, utilisation and storage accounts for nearly 15% of the cumulative reduction in emissions.
Source: International Energy Agency 2020 report: CCUS in Clean Energy Transitions 2020